Atypical lymphocytes, also known as reactive lymphocytes, are enlarged white blood cells that can be a sign of an immune response to an infection or other illness. Common causes of atypical lymphocytes include viral infections such as mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis. Other causes may include bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications.
Atypical lymphocytes themselves typically do not cause symptoms, but they are often detected during a routine blood test or when investigating symptoms such as fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat. The underlying illness that is causing the increase in atypical lymphocytes will determine the specific symptoms that a person experiences.
Diagnosing the cause of atypical lymphocytes can be challenging because the cells themselves are not specific to any one illness. Further testing, such as viral antibody tests, molecular tests, and imaging studies, may be necessary to determine the underlying cause. Additionally, atypical lymphocytes can be seen in a variety of conditions, making it important for doctors to consider a person's complete medical history and symptoms when making a diagnosis.
Atypical lymphocytes are larger than normal lymphocytes and have an irregular shape. They may have more cytoplasm and darker staining than regular lymphocytes.
Not necessarily. Atypical lymphocytes can be a sign of a mild viral infection or a more serious condition, so it's important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause.
Treatment for atypical lymphocytes focuses on addressing the underlying illness. For example, if the cause is mononucleosis, rest and supportive care are often recommended.
Since atypical lymphocytes are a response to an underlying illness, the best way to prevent them is to practice good hygiene, get vaccinated, and take other steps to avoid infections and other health issues.
